VERY HARD South Korean Geometry Problem

This is a challenging problem from the math section of the 1997 CSAT, a standardized test in South Korea. Can you figure it out? It took me several attempts, but it was really satisfying when I solved it (I did need to look up one key insight, which is the first thing presented in the solution). So give it a try, and don't peek at the rest of the solution too early!

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